{"id":32349,"date":"2026-03-05T19:58:14","date_gmt":"2026-03-05T16:58:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dztecs.com\/tech\/?p=32349"},"modified":"2026-03-05T19:58:14","modified_gmt":"2026-03-05T16:58:14","slug":"router-switch-hub-modem-access-point-gateway-whats-the-difference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dztecs.com\/tech\/router-switch-hub-modem-access-point-gateway-whats-the-difference\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629: \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631” (Router)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634 (Switch) \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 (Access Point) \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 (Gateway)\u061f<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631<\/div>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645. \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645” (Modem) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (ISP) \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0623\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0633\u0623\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a (Switches) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a (Hubs)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a (Routers) \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a (Modems) \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 (Access Points) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (Gateways).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0644 (Switche) \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 (Hub)<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 (Hub) \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645. \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0644 (Switch)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u062b\u0631\u0646\u062a (Ethernet) \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a (Hubs) \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a (Switches) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a). \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 (Frame) \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631. \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IP \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\/\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 (Packet).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634 (Switch) \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u062b\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 MAC \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a (Hubs)\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629. \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a (switches)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 (hub) \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c (half-duplex) \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (switch) \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (full-duplex). \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623. \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0645<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 (Routers) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0642\u0629 3 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c OSI\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IP. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 MAC \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 IP \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 (router) \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u062a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (ISP). \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 (ISP) \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d (switch) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645\/\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (ISP) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (switch) \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 Ethernet \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 WiFi\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 (router) \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647). \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (switch). \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0644 (switch) \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (ISP) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 (\u0644\u0640 DSL) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 (ONT).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (ISP) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 Ethernet \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 (router) \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643.<\/p>\n

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\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649<\/h2>\n

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\u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d “\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631” (Router)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061f \u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0623\u0645 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634 (Switch) \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 (Access Point) \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 (Gateway)\u061f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":32353,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-32349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech","tag-wi-fi"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0645 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